It defines the data type of the field in the table.
Valid field types are:
"DATE" — stored as days since March 1, 1700
"TIME" — stored as milliseconds since midnight
"TIMESTAMP" — stored as a date and a time
"TINYINT" — 8-bit Integer
"SMALLINT" — 16-bit Integer
"INTEGER" — 32-bit Integer
"BIGINT" — 64-bit Integer (-9223372036854775807 to 9223372036854775806, which is 1 "inward" from the industry standard of -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807)
"MONEY" — 10 decimal digits with 2 decimal places
"NUMBER" — 32 decimal digits with N decimal places specified by the "fieldScale" property
"REAL" — 32-bit IEEE binary floating point number
"DOUBLE" — 64-bit IEEE binary floating point number
"BIT" — Boolean: the following values are interpreted as 0: 0, 0.0, -0, false (using any case), "" (empty string), null, [], {}. All others are interpreted as 1.
"BINARY" — Fixed-length array of bytes <= 8,192
"VARBINARY" — Variable-length array of bytes <= 65,535
"LVARBINARY" — Variable-length array of bytes <= 2GB